M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (Oleum Gas Leak)

Citation: (1987) 1 SCC 395 · Supreme Court of India · 5-Judge Bench

Summary

The Court evolved the principle of "absolute liability" for enterprises engaged in hazardous activities and expanded the scope of Article 21 to include the right to a healthy environment.

In simple terms

Companies running dangerous industries are absolutely liable for any harm — no exceptions. The right to a clean environment is part of the right to life.