Basic Python Interview Questions:

1. What is Python?
2. What are the key features of Python?
3. How is Python different from other programming languages?
4. Explain the difference between Python 2 and Python 3.
5. What is PEP 8, and why is it important?
6. How do you comment in Python?
7. Explain Python’s indentation.
8. What are variables in Python?
9. How do you declare and initialize a variable in Python?
10. What are the basic data types in Python?
11. How do you perform string concatenation in Python?
12. How do you take user input in Python?
13. Explain Python’s print function.
14. What are Python keywords?
15. How do you check the data type of a variable in Python?
16. What is type conversion in Python?
17. Explain Python’s arithmetic operators.
18. How do you write a conditional statement in Python?
19. What is a for loop, and how does it work in Python?
20. What is a while loop in Python?
21. How do you break out of a loop in Python?
22. What is a function in Python?
23. How do you define a function in Python?
24. What is a docstring in Python?
25. How do you call a function in Python?
26. Explain Python’s scope of variables.
27. What is a module in Python?
28. How do you import a module in Python?
29. Explain the difference between local and global variables.
30. What is the purpose of the if __name__ == "__main__": statement?
31. How do you handle exceptions in Python?
32. What is a traceback in Python?
33. What is a list in Python?
34. How do you add elements to a list?
35. How do you access elements in a list?
36. Explain list slicing in Python.
37. What are tuples in Python?
38. How are tuples different from lists?
39. What are dictionaries in Python?
40. How do you add and retrieve values from a dictionary?
41. What is a set in Python?
42. Explain the difference between a set and a list.
43. What is a frozen set?
44. How do you add and remove elements from a set?
45. What is a Boolean in Python?
46. Explain logical operators in Python.
47. How do you define and call a custom exception in Python?
48. What is a lambda function in Python?
49. Explain list comprehensions in Python.
50. What is a generator in Python?

Intermediate Python Interview Questions:

51. What is object-oriented programming (OOP) in Python?
52. Explain the concepts of classes and objects.
53. What is inheritance in Python?
54. How do you create a subclass in Python?
55. What is method overriding?
56. Explain encapsulation in Python.
57. What is polymorphism in Python?
58. How do you achieve polymorphism in Python?
59. What are decorators in Python?
60. How do you use decorators to modify a function’s behavior?
61. Explain the purpose of the @staticmethod decorator.
62. What is a generator in Python, and how does it differ from a function?
63. How do you create a generator function?
64. What is the purpose of the yield keyword?
65. Explain the Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) in Python.
66. What are context managers in Python?
67. How do you create a context manager using a class?
68. What is a contextlib and when is it used?
69. What is the purpose of the with statement in Python?
70. Explain the concept of garbage collection in Python.
71. What is a memory leak, and how can you avoid it in Python?
72. How does Python manage memory for variables?
73. What is the purpose of the __init__ method in Python classes?
74. What are magic methods (dunder methods) in Python?
75. Give examples of magic methods used in Python.
76. Explain the difference between shallow copy and deep copy in Python.
77. How do you handle file I/O in Python?
78. What are context managers for file operations?
79. How do you read and write binary files in Python?
80. What is a regular expression in Python?
81. How do you use regular expressions for pattern matching?
82. Explain the Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) in Python and its impact on multi-threading.
83. What is the threading module in Python?
84. How do you create and manage threads in Python?
85. What is multiprocessing, and how is it different from multithreading?
86. How do you create and manage processes using the multiprocessing module?
87. What is a coroutine in Python?
88. How do you create and manage coroutines using asyncio?
89. Explain the purpose of the async and await keywords in Python.
90. What are Python closures, and how do they work?
91. Explain the purpose of the nonlocal keyword in Python.
92. How do you create and use metaclasses in Python?
93. What is duck typing in Python?
94. How do you implement an interface in Python?
95. What is monkey patching, and why should it be used with caution?
96. How do you profile Python code for performance optimization?
97. Explain the Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) in Python and its impact on multi-threading.
98. What are Python decorators, and how do they work?
99. How do you create a custom context manager in Python?
100. What is the purpose of the __str__ and __repr__ methods in Python?

Advanced Python Interview Questions:

101. What is metaprogramming in Python?
102. How do you create a metaclass in Python?
103. Explain the purpose of abstract base classes (ABCs) in Python.
104. What is multiple inheritance in Python, and how is it resolved?
105. How does Python handle memory management and garbage collection?
106. What is the Global Interpreter Lock (GIL), and how does it affect Python’s performance?
107. Explain the concept of method resolution order (MRO) in Python.
108. What is the purpose of the functools module in Python?
109. How do you implement lazy loading using Python’s properties?
110. What is the difference between shallow and deep copy in Python?
111. Explain the use of metaclasses in Python and provide an example.
112. What is the Global Interpreter Lock (GIL), and how can you work around it for multi-threading?
113. How does Python’s memory management work, and what are memory leaks?
114. What is the GIL (Global Interpreter Lock) in Python, and how does it impact multithreading?
115. Explain the purpose of the multiprocessing module in Python.
116. How do you create and manage parallel processes in Python?
117. What is a Python descriptor, and how do you use it?
118. Explain the use of context managers in Python and provide an example.
119. How does Python’s garbage collection work, and what are circular references?
120. What is the purpose of the ctypes module in Python?
121. How do you work with C libraries using Python’s ctypes module?
122. Explain the concept of metaclasses and provide a practical use case.
123. What is the purpose of the abc module in Python?
124. How do you create an abstract base class in Python?
125. Explain the purpose of Python’s Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) and its impact on multi-threading.
126. How can you write a Python extension module in C?
127. Explain the differences between Python 2 and Python 3 regarding Unicode and strings.
128. What is the purpose of the concurrent.futures module in Python?
129. How do you use the concurrent.futures module for parallelism in Python?
130. Explain the concepts of futures and promises in Python concurrency.
131. What is the purpose of the asyncio library in Python, and how does it support asynchronous programming?
132. How do you use asyncio to create asynchronous code in Python?
133. Explain Python’s Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) and its impact on multi-core processors.
134. How can you use the multiprocessing module to achieve parallelism in Python?
135. What is the purpose of the __slots__ attribute in Python classes?
136. How do you use the __slots__ attribute to optimize memory usage?
137. Explain the use of metaclasses in Python, and provide an example.
138. What is monkey patching, and why is it generally discouraged in Python?
139. How do you use Python’s enum module to define enumerations?
140. What is the purpose of the functools module in Python, and how can it be used for functional programming?
141. Explain how Python handles memory management and garbage collection.
142. What is the purpose of the mmap module in Python, and how can it be used for memory-mapped files?
143. How do you implement custom exceptions in Python, and when is it appropriate to do so?
144. What is the purpose of the yield keyword in Python, and how does it relate to generators?
145. How do you implement a custom iterator in Python?
146. Explain the use of the yield from syntax in Python generators.
147. What is the purpose of Python’s collections module, and provide examples of some useful classes from it.
148. How do you work with metaclasses in Python, and what are some practical use cases?
149. Explain the concept of method resolution order (MRO) in Python, especially in multiple inheritance scenarios.
150. What are metaclasses in Python, and how can they be used to customize class creation?