📚 Reasoning Ability – Analogy
(Chhattisgarh PSC – Beginner Notes)
1. What is an Analogy?
- Analogy = “Like / “same as” comparison
- Think of it like a pair of matching socks:
Sock A is to Sock B as Sock C is to Sock D.
2. Why Do We Use Analogies?
- Tests if you can spot similar relationships between pairs.
- Shows you can think in patterns, not just facts.
3. Types of Analogies You’ll See
| Type | Everyday Example | How It Looks in a Question |
|---|---|---|
| Synonym (Same meaning) | “Happy” is to “Joyful” | Happy : Joyful :: |
| Antonym (Opposite) | “Hot” is to “Cold” | Hot : Cold :: |
| Part‑to‑Whole | “Wheel” is to “Car” | Wheel : Car :: |
| Whole‑to‑Part | “Tree” is to “Root” | Tree : Root :: |
| Function/Use | “Pen” is to “Write” | Pen : Write :: |
| Process | “Seed” is to “Plant” | Seed : Plant :: |
4. Simple Rules to Solve
- Find the Relationship
- Ask: What is the link? (Same, opposite, part, function…)
- Match the Relationship
- Look at the answer choices and pick the one that shares the same link.
- Double‑Check
- Make sure the relationship is exact, not just “close”.
5. Tiny Example
Question:
“Book” is to “Read” as “Pen” is to ______.
Step 1 – Relationship
- A book is used to read.
- So the relationship is “Tool → Use”.
Step 2 – Match
- Find the choice that is a use of a pen.
- Write (Pen is used to write).
Answer:
Pen : Write
6. Quick Practice Questions
| # | Question | Choices | Correct Answer |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “Tree” is to “Root” as “Car” is to ______ | a) Wheel b) Road c) Engine d) Tire | a) Wheel |
| 2 | “Heat” is to “Cold” as “Light” is to ______ | a) Bright b) Dark c) Warm d) Warmth | b) Dark |
| 3 | “Doctor” is to “Patient” as “Teacher” is to ______ | a) Student b) Lesson c) Classroom d) Book | a) Student |
Tip: For each, find the link first, then pick the matching choice.
7. Study Tips
| Tip | How to Use It |
|---|---|
| Make a Mini‑Dictionary | Write simple pairs (e.g., “Book–Read”, “Key–Lock”) on sticky notes. |
| Practice with Flashcards | Front: “Sun” ; Back: “Daylight” (find the relationship). |
| Keep a “Part vs Whole” List | Example: “Leg” → “Chair” (part‑to‑whole). |
| Use Real Life | Pick everyday objects and think of their uses. |
| Timed Practice | 5‑minute rounds: solve 10 analogy questions to build speed. |
8. Final Quick Review
- Analogy = Matching Relationship
- Identify the link first.
- Find the choice that shares that link.
- Double‑check for exact match.
- Practice often, keep it simple, and you’ll nail it!
Good luck with your PSC preparation! 🚀