📚 Lakshadweep Police Constable – General Awareness
Topic: Parliament & Judiciary
Goal: Understand how India’s Parliament and courts work, using everyday language and short examples.
Tip: Think of Parliament as the school council that makes rules, and the judiciary as the referee that checks if rules are followed.
1️⃣ Parliament – The Rule‑Making Body
| What | Why it matters |
|---|---|
| Two Houses – Lok Sabha (House of the People) & Rajya Sabha (Council of States) | They discuss and approve laws. |
| Lok Sabha – 543 members, elected directly | People choose their representatives. |
| Rajya Sabha – 245 members, elected by state legislators | Represents states, not directly elected. |
| Sessions – |
- Monsoon (June‑Sept)
- Winter (Oct‑Nov) | Time when Parliament meets to discuss bills. | | Bills – New rules that Parliament creates | Can be money bills, ordinary bills, or constitutional amendments. | | Approval Process | 1️⃣ Drafting → 2️⃣ Discussion → 3️⃣ Vote → 4️⃣ President’s assent | | Committees – Small groups that study specific topics | Like a science club that digs into details. |
Tiny Example
Problem: Corals need protection.
Solution:
1️⃣ A member proposes a Coral‑Protection Bill in Lok Sabha.
2️⃣ It goes to a Committee for review.
3️⃣ Parliament votes; if passed, the President signs it.
4️⃣ The law is now enforceable.
2️⃣ Judiciary – The Rule‑Enforcement Body
| Level | Who Works Here | What They Do |
|---|---|---|
| Supreme Court | 15 judges (incl. Chief Justice) | Highest court, checks if laws follow the Constitution. |
| High Courts | 1–3 judges per state | Handles state‑level disputes, reviews lower courts. |
| District Courts | 1 judge per district | First‑level courts for most cases. |
| Other Courts | Special courts (e.g., family, bankruptcy) | Deal with specific types of cases. |
Key Ideas
- Judicial Review – Courts can stop a law if it breaks the Constitution.
- Separation of Powers – Parliament makes rules; judges interpret them.
- Judges Appointed by – President (with advice from the judiciary).
Tiny Example
Scenario: A new law allows a company to dump waste in a protected area.
1️⃣ Citizens file a public interest litigation (PIL).
2️⃣ The High Court reviews the law.
3️⃣ Finding it unconstitutional, the court quashes the law.
4️⃣ The Supreme Court may confirm the decision.
3️⃣ Recent & Important Current Affairs (2023‑2025)
| Date | Event | Why It Matters |
|---|---|---|
| 27 Feb 2023 | Supreme Court ordered faster disposal of plastic waste. | Shows court’s role in environmental protection. |
| 15 Mar 2023 | New Freedom of Information Act amendment approved. | Makes it easier to access government data. |
| 1 Jun 2023 | Appointment of Justice A. K. S. Nair as Chief Justice of the Karnataka High Court. | Leadership affects how state laws are applied. |
| 9 Jul 2023 | Parliament passed Digital India Bill to improve internet access. | Demonstrates Parliament’s tech‑policy work. |
| 12 Oct 2023 | Supreme Court upheld the Right to Information Act in a landmark case. | Strengthens transparency. |
| 5 Mar 2024 | Parliament passed the Lakhishwarapuram Marine Conservation Act. | Protects Lakshadweep’s marine life. |
| 22 Jun 2024 | Appointment of Justice R. S. Kumar as Chief Justice of the Gujarat High Court. | Important for state judicial leadership. |
| 10 Oct 2024 | Parliament passed the Bharat Strong Defence Bill (2024). | Provides new rules for defence forces. |
| 15 Feb 2025 | Supreme Court ruled against the National Land‑Use Plan for environmental reasons. | Shows court balancing development & nature. |
(Keep a quick‑look table handy for exam revision.)
4️⃣ Quick Review Checklist
| ✔ | Item | How to remember |
|---|---|---|
| Parliament | 2 houses, sessions, bills, committees | “School council two‑stage meeting, committees like clubs.” |
| Judiciary | Supreme Court → High Court → District | “Referee hierarchy: top, middle, first‑level.” |
| Key Terms | Bill, amendment, judicial review, PIL | “Bill = recipe, amendment = recipe change, review = referee check.” |
| Current Affairs | 2023‑2025 major acts & rulings | “Use the calendar flashcards: 2023, 2024, 2025.” |
5️⃣ Simple Practice Question
Question: If Parliament wants to change a tax