Analogy: Reasoning Ability Notes for Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu Police Constable

Reasoning Ability – Analogy

Target Exam: Dadra & Nagar Haveli & Daman & Diu Police Constable
Section: Reasoning Ability – Analogy

An analogy is a comparison that shows the relationship between two pairs of words or objects.
The basic format is:

A is to B as C is to D

The task is to find the word D that completes the relationship expressed between A and B.

#	What to Look For	How to Apply
1	Identify the relationship between the first pair (A : B).	Write down the obvious link—synonym, antonym, part‑whole, function, cause‑effect, etc.
2	Common types of relationships
	a. Synonym / Antonym	e.g., Happy : Joyful
	b. Part‑Whole	e.g., Wheel : Car
	c. Function / Use	e.g., Pen : Write
	d. Cause‑Effect	e.g., Fire : Smoke
	e. Process / Result	e.g., Rain : Wet
	f. Domain / Category	e.g., Car : Vehicle
	g. Opposite	e.g., Hot : Cold
3	Check for multiple possibilities	Some relationships overlap; choose the one that fits all clues.
4	Eliminate implausible options	Use the given answer choices to rule out mismatches.
5	Use the “matching” technique	If the analogy is an “X : Y as Z : ?”, find a word that matches Y’s role relative to X.
6	Avoid over‑thinking	Stick to the most obvious relation first; if it fails, try the next type.
7	Practice with diverse examples	Exposure to many types sharpens intuition.

Question

Tree : Branch :: House : ?

Step‑by‑Step Solution

Step	Action	Reasoning
1	Identify the relationship between Tree and Branch.	A branch is a part of a tree.
2	Determine the analogous part of a House.	A house is made up of rooms, walls, floors…
3	Choose the most common single‑word answer.	Room is the typical “part” that people think of.
4	Check answer options (if any).	Ensure Room fits and no other option better matches.
5	Final answer: Room.	It completes the analogy: Tree is to Branch as House is to Room.

Alternative thinking

If you considered floor or wall, check if the question wants the most obvious part. Usually room is preferred.

Analogy Format: A : B :: C : D – find D.
Identify relation between A & B (synonym, part‑whole, function, etc.).
Common relations: synonym/antonym, part‑whole, function, cause‑effect, process, domain, opposite.
Method:
1. Pick the most obvious relation.
2. Apply that relation to C → D.
3. Use answer choices to eliminate mismatches.
Tips:
- Think of the role (e.g., “what does a branch do for a tree?”).
- If multiple types fit, choose the one that gives a single, clear word.
- Practice with at least 10–15 analogies daily to build pattern recognition.

Pen : Write :: Knife : ?

Answer: Cut
Reason: A knife is to cutting as a pen is to writing.

End of Study Notes