Statement & conclusion: Reasoning Ability Notes for Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu TET (Teacher Eligibility)

Statement & Conclusion – Reasoning Ability

For Dadra & Nagar Haveli & Daman & Diu TET – Teacher Eligibility Test

In a Statement & Conclusion problem you are given:

A statement (or a set of statements) – facts that are certainly true.
A conclusion – a statement that may or may not follow logically from the given facts.

Your task: Determine whether the conclusion is:

The answer choices are usually:

Sometimes the options are “All of the above” or “None of the above”.
The key is to use logical deduction and elimination.

#	Concept	How to Apply
1	Statement = Fact	Treat it as 100 % true.
2	Conclusion = Inference	Must follow logically from the statement.
3	Necessity vs. Possibility	If a conclusion must be true, it is valid. If it may be true, it's not a guaranteed inference.
4	Contradiction	If the conclusion directly opposes any part of the statement, it is false.
5	Insufficient Information	If the statement does not provide enough data to decide, the conclusion is indeterminate.
6	Order of Operations	1. Check for contradiction. 2. Check for necessity. 3. Check for possibility. 4. Check for insufficiency.
7	Common Traps	- Assuming “only” statements (“only one of the following is true”). - Over‑generalising from a specific fact.
8	Testing All Options	For each option, evaluate against the statement. The correct option will have the only true inference type.
9	Multiple Statements	Treat them as a single combined fact set.
10	Practice	Repeated practice with varied examples sharpens deduction skills.

S: “All the students who passed the math exam received a gold medal. Rahul did not receive a gold medal.”

C: “Rahul did not pass the math exam.”

Step	Analysis	Verdict
1	Check for contradiction – C claims Rahul did not pass. S says if a student passes, they get a gold medal. Rahul has no gold medal. No direct contradiction.	No contradiction
2	Necessity – Does C necessarily follow?	Not necessarily. It’s possible Rahul passed but didn’t get a gold medal (maybe he was absent).
3	Possibility – Is C possible?	Yes, because the statement does not guarantee that every student who passes receives a gold medal (it says all who passed did receive a gold medal). Actually it does guarantee. Wait: The statement says "All the students who passed the math exam received a gold medal." So if a student passed, they definitely received a gold medal. Rahul didn’t receive one → he could not have passed. Thus C is a necessary inference.
4	Conclusion – C follows necessarily.	(A) is true.

Answer: Option (a) – Only (A) is true.

Statement	Conclusion	Evaluation
“No two students are the same color.”	“All students are the same color.”	Contradiction → (C)
“Some students are tall.”	“All students are tall.”	Possibility → (B)
“If it rains, the ground gets wet.”	“It did not rain.”	Insufficient → (D)

Statement = 100 % fact.
Conclusion = inference.
Check in order:
1. Contradiction → (C).
2. Necessity → (A).
3. Possibility → (B).
4. Insufficient → (D).
Do not assume that “only one is true” unless the question explicitly says so.
Multiple statements → combine them before analysis.
Practice: Solve at least 5–10 problems daily; review mistakes.

Card	Front	Back
1	What defines a statement?	A fact that is certainly true.
2	What defines a conclusion?	An inference that may or may not follow from the statement.
3	Which step comes first?	Check for contradiction.
4	If a conclusion is guaranteed by the statement, which option?	(A) – only (A) is true.
5	If a conclusion is possible but not guaranteed, which option?	(B) – only (B) is true.
6	If a conclusion contradicts the statement, which option?	(C) – only (C) is true.
7	If the statement gives no enough info, which option?	(D) – only (D) is true.

Use these notes as a quick refresher before the exam. Happy studying!