Blood Relations – Study Notes
(For the District Judge – Reasoning Ability Section)
1. What are “Blood Relations”?
- Blood relations are people who share the same biological family.
- Think of a family tree: every branch comes from a common trunk.
- In reasoning questions, we use these links to find missing names or positions.
2. Basic Types of Blood Relations
| Relationship | Example | Everyday Analogy |
|---|---|---|
| Parent | Your father or mother | The root of a tree |
| Child | Your son or daughter | A new branch sprouting |
| Sibling | Brother or sister | Two branches from the same trunk |
| Grandparent | Grandfather or grandmother | A higher‑level branch |
| Grandchild | Your grandson or granddaughter | A lower branch |
| Uncle/Aunt | Brother of a parent, or spouse of that brother | A side branch that connects to the main trunk |
| Cousin | Child of your uncle/aunt | Two side branches that meet at a higher level |
Use the word “branch” to remember that all these people are connected through a common trunk (your ancestors).
3. How to Read a Simple Family Tree
Grandfather
|
-------------------------
| |
Father Uncle
| |
(You) Cousin
- The vertical line is a direct line (parent → child).
- The horizontal line is a same‑generation link (siblings, cousins).
4. Common Reasoning Patterns
| Pattern | How to Solve | Quick Tip |
|---|---|---|
| Direct Line (e.g., “If X is Y’s parent, who is Y’s child?”) | Reverse the direction. | Think “up” for parent, “down” for child. |
| Same Generation (e.g., “If X is Y’s sibling, who is Z’s cousin?”) | Find the sibling’s child. | Sibling’s child = cousin. |
| Through Marriage | Ignore marriage; only use blood. | If a clue says “spouse of”, skip that person. |
| Multiple Links | Follow each step one by one. | Write a mini‑tree as you go. |
5. Tiny Example
Question:
- “Mr. Rao is the son of Mr. Patel. Mr. Patel is the father of Ms. Sharma. Who is Ms. Sharma’s father?”
Solution Steps
- Mr. Rao’s father = Mr. Patel.
- Mr. Patel’s child = Ms. Sharma.
- Therefore, Ms. Sharma’s father = Mr. Patel.
Answer: Mr. Patel.
6. Quick Practice Problem
Statement:
- “Aunt Maya is the daughter of Mr. Kumar. Mr. Kumar is the son of Mr. Desai. Who is Maya’s grandfather?”
Answer:
- Mr. Desai (Mr. Kumar’s father, and thus Aunt Maya’s grandfather).
7. Tips for the Exam
- Draw a tiny tree if the question is long.
- Keep track of the direction – parent → child goes down, sibling stays same level.
- Ignore titles like “Mrs.” or “Dr.” – they don’t change the blood link.
- Check for synonyms – “uncle”, “aunt”, “cousin” all refer to same‑generation or next‑level links.
- Practice – the more trees you draw, the faster you’ll spot the answer.
Final Thought
Blood relations in reasoning are just a family chain problem. Treat each person as a link in a chain, and follow the chain to the correct spot. The trick is to keep the chain straight and not let unrelated titles or marriages confuse you. Happy studying!